Richard yeilding



RICHARD Y'EILDING, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

Letters Patent No. 83,119, dated Qctober 13, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANfiFAGTURE OI IRON AND STEEL.

Zllhe Schedule referred to in'these Letters iatent and making part ofthe same.

T0 all "whom it may concern of ten gallons of oil and one pound ofprussiate of pot- Be it known that I, RICHARD YEILDING, of th ash in thesame manner as the first was applied, closing city of Detroit, county ofWayne, and State of Michithe p of the r so as to exclude e tm gan, havediscovered a, new and i d th d f pheric air. The combustion of the 011and prussiate fusing and cleansing metal fr m it Ore d 11 m. of potashwill create a carbonic gas that W111 penetrate purities, and ofmanufacturing pure iron d t l the entire mass of iron, replace thecarbon that has direct from the ore and crude metal, without remeltbeenthl'hwh 01113 in the FY0085S 0f p h' 0f the ing; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a iron, and it is u a Once @QhVefted 111thSheelfull and exact description of my process, reference The length 0ftime required F0 h' Such being had to the accompanyin specimens, 7 intosteel depends much on the temper desired. The nature of my discoveryconsists in the use of il $11391 the Produced in hhls y 111 chemicalsand oil for the purpose offusing, purifying, thirty minutes, and a Veryhighly'hhrhohized Steel in and'decarbonizing the crude metal, andmakingpuye two hours. This steel being sufficiently carbonized, it iron,and recarbonizing the iron again, and making it is ready to be drawn Offa Worked mm bars, Into steel. any desired shape To enable others skilledin the art ofm n f w in If I wish to convert iron into steel that cannotbe iron and steel to use my discovery, I will proceed to 311111631166- Yheat or fiction; (heat below that hBL explain the process. to fuse it,)instead of using the prussiate of potash, I W

To manufacture iron, I place th r d i use the oxide of copper, oxide ofzinc, and corrosive. in a cupola or furnace, apply the fuel, k or 1 5sublimate, in the same manner as is described for the coal,) and fusethemetal in t e ordihary way; and manufacture of carbonized $30961- whenbrought to a molten -statc,-I take ten gallons of time required ng honhm) this kind petroleum-oil, orany of its kindred fl id t th of steelneed not exceed one hour; and-this may be baser residuum, mix with itone pound of finely-pbw. readily mou1ded,like cast-iron, into anyarticle that dered saltpetre and one pound of pulverized -potash,Gash-iron y he molllded- The P P Q 0f 1311688 mixed thoroughly with theoil, and inject it into the Oxides is one pound of each to ten gallonsof They bottom of the molten iron, through a suitable aperture, Shouldall be finely pulverized, and mixed with the oil. by mechanical force orgravity. This is sufiicicnt for i Steel is aldmhhhly adapted for W013that aim to the purification of about a t n f i be used where they areexposed to heat, friction, or

This solution must be applied d ll d very heavy blows, for it ispossessed of greater hardness slowly. The combustion of thi ill cause fand tenacity'than other steel, and therefore has greater diate flux ofthe molten mass, separating the carbon P w of resistance; and When usedfor edged 110015, and impurities from the iron, l a i it pure, d m itspowers of resistance and durability are wonderful. bouized iron, andboth malleable and ductile. Being 0f 010561 g fi texture, and g e er e-The length of time required f th -vifi ti f nacity, it'is of the utmostvalue for many purposes. the iron depends much upon the quality' f thVThat I claim as my discovery, and desire to secure and the amount ofimpurities it contains-usually y Lethal about four hours. The operatorcan judge when the l- The Process of fusing and refilling metal, andiron is purified sufiiciently for the purpose for which decal-homing11011- he wishes to apply it, by the colo f th bl coming 2. Theconverting of iron into carbonized steel. from the iron; for when theiron is cleansed from all 3. The converting of iron into unannealablesteel, impurities, the blaze becomes of m scarlet-red color, and the useof the foregoing articles, in the 11111111161 and the iron becomesthicker in the furnace, and rcand for the purposes herein set forth, andthe general quires greater heat to keep it fluid. When it assumesBomhhlahhh 0f the P p and the use of the this appearance, it is pure,decarbonized iron, and may holes; combined and Separately, and for theuse of the be drawn oh and run into ingots, or at once put into onalone, hi the manner and the P p set forth any desired shape, by theapplication of the tilt-hamin the foregoing specificationsmcr or roller.RICHARD YEILDING.

If I now wish to convert this into carbonized. steel, I Witnesses:continue the iron in its molten state, discontinue the use ARTHUR'lnnnwnr, of the. chemicals describedabovaahd apply a solution A. J.SQUIRE.

